feat(files): Implement resumable upload draft RFC

[provokateurin]

• Resolves: Implement resumable uploads for Nextcloud  #47682

Summary

An implementation of https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-resumable-upload-05.
Due to the RFC still being a draft I decided with @sorbaugh that we will wait until it is finalized before moving this forward.
I don't expect there to be many changes, so most of the work is already complete with this PR.
This will likely mean that it will not land in 31 but in a later version.

TODO

• Implement in https://github.com/nextcloud-libraries/nextcloud-upload
• Testing against various network conditions and constraints
• Benchmarking

Checklist

• Code is properly formatted
• Sign-off message is added to all commits
• Tests (unit, integration, api and/or acceptance) are included
• Screenshots before/after for front-end changes
• Documentation (manuals or wiki) has been updated or is not required
• Backports requested where applicable (ex: critical bugfixes)

[provokateurin]

Just a rebase to adapt to changes on master and added enforced stricter code quality with psalm and rector.

[provokateurin]

This needs to be migrated to snowflake IDs and the ORM system.

[provokateurin]

Rebased and updated to the latest code quality and style rules - no other changes.